Overview
ProductRatingMost Used ByProduct SummaryStarting Price
Ataccama ONE
Score 8.8 out of 10
N/A
Ataccama is a data quality platform handling data parsing, standardization, cleansing and matching, and data profiling.N/A
D&B Hoovers
Score 7.9 out of 10
N/A
D&B Hoovers delivers sales intelligence data for millions of companies globally.N/A
ZoomInfo Operations
Score 8.5 out of 10
N/A
ZoomInfo OperationsOS/RingLead is a comprehensive data quality management platform for sales and marketing operations teams to clean, enrich, and route their go-to-market data.N/A
Pricing
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Editions & Modules
No answers on this topic
No answers on this topic
No answers on this topic
Offerings
Pricing Offerings
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Free Trial
YesYesNo
Free/Freemium Version
YesNoNo
Premium Consulting/Integration Services
NoNoNo
Entry-level Setup FeeOptionalNo setup feeRequired
Additional Details
More Pricing Information
Community Pulse
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Considered Multiple Products
Ataccama ONE
Chose Ataccama ONE
Ataccama ONE is a designated tool for Data quality monitoring. Supports end to end. Quite easy to deploy. Alteryx is more about coding or almost as complicated while Ataccama ONE is a bit easier to use. Different interfaces. Many views automatically available for data sets in …
Chose Ataccama ONE
Ataccama ONE was a clear winner during our evaluation of many other products/vendors. Their offering was the best suited for our needs, and they are a company that we want to grow with over time.
D&B Hoovers
Chose D&B Hoovers
We selected D&B Hoovers because of the global reach in terms of company data worldwide. It's basically the most comphensible tool to gather company data we needed for segmenting our ICP. Even though other tools can be better when it comes to email enrichment efforts.
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B has a lot better filters and accuracy of data when searching for leads
Chose D&B Hoovers
I've used Candid GuideStar in the past, though for different reasons than D&B Hoovers. I mostly only use D&B Hoovers now and will continue to do so.
Chose D&B Hoovers
I currently use Lexis AI for similar work. I find Lexis AI to have better overall company summaries but it is a bit more over the top when it comes to reviewing site contacts and the like at a medium size company. D&B Hoovers streamlines this a bit but could take notes from …
Chose D&B Hoovers
They are the imcubment for our company and though we have issues with D&B Hoovers their price to performace has been good and we plan to keep using them.

We do have other vendors that work in this space and D&B Hoovers does hold its own but I would say that they are just one …
Chose D&B Hoovers
THe most current updated information that we find is on Linkedin, especially in the case of finding people and their job titles,. Unfortunately no other contact information is provided, but when we use this and Hoovers and it very helpful. But there are very few tools that …
Chose D&B Hoovers
Honestly, we have not used any other system or product similar to Hoovers so I couldn't compare.
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers have more up-to-date information with regards to contact and business information in comparison to S&P Capital IQ Pro. The data regarding company size, revenue and contact details such as phone number, title, education level are more accurate in D&B Hoovers. …
Chose D&B Hoovers
We evaluated a few other tools including ZoomInfo, LinkedIn Sales Navigator, but D&B Hoovers emerged as the best overall fit for our hotel sales use case due to its depth of company data, broad industry coverage, and powerful geographic filtering capabilities. Our primary …
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers stacks up well against the other tools, however our teams tend to use a combination of all 3, depending on their area of focus.
Chose D&B Hoovers
All platforms are great and help a great deal, but D&B Hoovers is a dedicated space for whitespace and outreach. Also its a trustworthy referral internally at SAP when researching accounts and making GTM decisions.
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers really provides more in-depth business data and technographic insights, offering a wider scope of company information and more advanced analytical capabilities.
Chose D&B Hoovers
Crunchbase offers a similar product but is more tailored for start ups and small business. Even then it does not have the complexity that Hoovers offers.
Chose D&B Hoovers
Have not used other systems like D&B Hoovers in a very long time. Not broke so not going to fix it! It has all of the tools that I am looking for.
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers is A LOT better than PitchBook. It is much easier to navigate and the data is far more accurate. However, I think CoStar does a better job with real estate related data. Specifically, lease expirations, tenants and owners. These are important factors I look for in …
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers is more cost effective, and acts as a comprehensive data source, which is specially beneficial to teams like sales, where research and prospecting and lead gen is key
Chose D&B Hoovers
Honestly, because of our satisfaction with D&B Hoovers we have not actively looked into other alternatives in the last 8 years. We selected it originally because of the price, reputation, and we had a client using it at the time that recommended it.
Chose D&B Hoovers
Zoominfo has more accurate data and better functionality with its navigation tools. But Zoominfo is too expensive for us to use at this time.
Chose D&B Hoovers
Finance Analytics provides a more thorough company credit report and is more in-depth than Hoovers. However, I use Hoovers for instances where I do not need that information because it allows unlimited queries, whereas you pay for a limited number of reports from Finance …
Chose D&B Hoovers
For company data, D&B wins hands down. Contact and lead information is a toss-up. The information provided was usually a match to both, and I wouldn't say one was better than the other by a wide margin. It really depends on who you are researching. Both did not do well with …
Chose D&B Hoovers
Currently, we can use only one Data source which is D&B Hoovers in our case.
Chose D&B Hoovers
Pitchbook has richer financial details which I am typically more interested in. D&B Hoovers search functionality is usually a little more reliable and the total size of database appears much much larger. I'd say Pitchbook goes an inch wide and a mile deep, whereas D&B Hoovers …
Chose D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers is more comprehensive overall, but may lack health-care specific data that these other solutions provide. D&B Hoovers is great for prospecting the direct to employer space.
ZoomInfo Operations
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
Because of the accuracy and how it was fitting in our requirements compared to the rest of the products evaluated.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
We evaluated the above tools and selected ZoomInfo Operations out of it because of the accuracy of the leads and the upto data available of the decision makers of companies out there.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo Operations gives the accurate information of the talent and high probability of connection with them
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo Operations gives the accurate information and high probability to connect with the talent.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
Against Lusha, the impact on delivering actionable go-to-market data is stronger with ZoomInfo Operations. ZoomInfo provides broader and deeper datasets—account-level insights, org hierarchies, and intent signals—enabling more precise segmentation and targeting. This allows …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo Operations gives the accurate informations of the talent and high probability of connecting with them
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo Operations gives us the accurate information of the talent and high probability of connecting with them.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
These other systems aren't in the same category as ZoomInfo Operations - I've not been motivated to look at any competitors of Ringlead / ZoomInfo Operations because I have always been very happy with what we get out of this platform. It was one of the first platforms I asked …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
We had looked at a few other tools alongside ZoomInfo Operations, including Clearbit and Apollo. Of course, they all had their strengths and their weaknesses. But ZoomInfo Operations really stood out for the accuracy as well as the depth of its data. Also, the Salesforce …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo Operations gives the accurate information of the talent and high probability of connecting with them
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo has better presence, brand recognition and contact volume for our target audience compared to competitors and that is why we chose it. ZoomInfo Operations has better workflow automation and seamless integration with CRM which added as an extra benefit and the AI …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I haven't tried stacking it against any competition as I feel no need to. ZoomInfo blows me away like it first did in 2018, and I don't want something different. I hear Clay is good, but I just haven't felt the need to try it out or replace ZoomInfo at all.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I believe ZoomInfo Operations stacks up against the other providers I have used because they provide an all encompassing workflow. While many providers help us get a few things done within our sales operations workflow, ZoomInfo covers all of our needs from prospecting, to …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I think each product has their own benefits and strengths. Since I use ZoomInfo Operations on more frequent basis I like that more because of its versatility and scope.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
We ultimately went with Zoominfo's Ringlead because there was more functionality that allowed us to segment and score records in addition to just routing them.

I would say where Distribution Engine excels over ZoomInfo technically is sticky matching owners to accounts. Ringlead …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I have only used ZoomInfo
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I stacked up for ZoomInfo Operations for his data accuracy, real time enrichment , seamless CRM integrations. I choose ZoomInfo Operations for its robust GTM intelligence , ensuring our sales team engage with right audience faster and drives better conversion. This is the only …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
We didn't find that Interseller compared. We have found that SourceWhale is a good supplement if ZoomInfo doesn't have information or accurate information for a contact.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
ZoomInfo complements these other services, by fitting into the "process chain" of sales and acquisition. We use marketing to get the leads, operations to aggregate and qualify, ZI sales to enhance the data and fill blanks, and then ZoomInfo chat to internally spread the news.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
This was the other tool we reviewed, but the OS applications were more detailed and had better results. Although still a good tool it just did not fit our scope for our sales group. Have yet to find any of the ZoomInfo tools to not be but quality and informational …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
We assumed the top 2 had the same quality of data and functionality, so it became a price war and ZoomInfo offered the best deal. Other competitors seem to have sloppy data. While ZI does as well, given its age and maturity, it was a safe bet for us to make for a vendor.
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
This has a similar issue to RingLead Capture, as it only returns the data that users themselves update, which is often outdated or incorrect. However, RingLead Route does allow lead assignment and tracking in more ways than LinkedIn Sales Navigator does, which is helpful in …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
I think EverString is more smooth and easy to juggle with. I think I used Apollo and EverString for a year and for me EverString is my practical choice. Although Apollo is a good software tool but I think EverString is more convenient and advanced. Nonetheless, they share …
Chose ZoomInfo Operations
EverString is far superior to InsideView, which contains a significant amount of outdated or inaccurate information such as companies that are no longer in business or are extremely small and being presented as much larger. The accuracy of EverString compared to InsideView is …
Features
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Prospecting
Comparison of Prospecting features of Product A and Product B
Ataccama ONE
-
Ratings
D&B Hoovers
7.6
Ratings
2% below category average
ZoomInfo Operations
-
Ratings
Advanced search00 Ratings7.00 Ratings00 Ratings
Identification of new leads00 Ratings7.70 Ratings00 Ratings
List quality00 Ratings6.70 Ratings00 Ratings
List upload/download00 Ratings7.40 Ratings00 Ratings
Ideal customer targeting00 Ratings7.60 Ratings00 Ratings
Load time/data access00 Ratings9.30 Ratings00 Ratings
Sales Intelligence Data Standards
Comparison of Sales Intelligence Data Standards features of Product A and Product B
Ataccama ONE
-
Ratings
D&B Hoovers
8.7
Ratings
11% above category average
ZoomInfo Operations
-
Ratings
Contact information00 Ratings8.40 Ratings00 Ratings
Company information00 Ratings9.10 Ratings00 Ratings
Industry information00 Ratings8.70 Ratings00 Ratings
Data Augmentation & Lead Qualification
Comparison of Data Augmentation & Lead Qualification features of Product A and Product B
Ataccama ONE
-
Ratings
D&B Hoovers
8.0
Ratings
7% above category average
ZoomInfo Operations
-
Ratings
Lead qualification process00 Ratings7.50 Ratings00 Ratings
Smart lists and recommendations00 Ratings7.90 Ratings00 Ratings
Salesforce integration00 Ratings7.80 Ratings00 Ratings
Company/business profiles00 Ratings7.90 Ratings00 Ratings
Alerts and reminders00 Ratings7.90 Ratings00 Ratings
Data hygiene00 Ratings8.30 Ratings00 Ratings
Automatic data refresh00 Ratings8.70 Ratings00 Ratings
Tags00 Ratings8.00 Ratings00 Ratings
Filters and segmentation00 Ratings8.00 Ratings00 Ratings
Sales Intelligence Email Features
Comparison of Sales Intelligence Email Features features of Product A and Product B
Ataccama ONE
-
Ratings
D&B Hoovers
9.7
Ratings
26% above category average
ZoomInfo Operations
-
Ratings
Sales email templates00 Ratings10.00 Ratings00 Ratings
Append emails to records00 Ratings9.50 Ratings00 Ratings
Data Quality
Comparison of Data Quality features of Product A and Product B
Ataccama ONE
-
Ratings
D&B Hoovers
-
Ratings
ZoomInfo Operations
8.7
Ratings
1% above category average
Data source connectivity00 Ratings00 Ratings8.40 Ratings
Data profiling00 Ratings00 Ratings8.60 Ratings
Data element standardization00 Ratings00 Ratings8.70 Ratings
Match and merge00 Ratings00 Ratings9.20 Ratings
Address verification00 Ratings00 Ratings8.60 Ratings
Best Alternatives
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Small Businesses

No answers on this topic

Lead411
Lead411
Score 8.3 out of 10
HubSpot Data Hub
HubSpot Data Hub
Score 8.3 out of 10
Medium-sized Companies
Informatica Customer 360 for Salesforce
Informatica Customer 360 for Salesforce
Score 8.2 out of 10
Lead411
Lead411
Score 8.3 out of 10
IBM InfoSphere Information Server
IBM InfoSphere Information Server
Score 8.0 out of 10
Enterprises
Winshuttle
Winshuttle
Score 9.2 out of 10
TechTarget Priority Engine
TechTarget Priority Engine
Score 10.0 out of 10
IBM InfoSphere Information Server
IBM InfoSphere Information Server
Score 8.0 out of 10
All AlternativesView all alternativesView all alternativesView all alternatives
User Ratings
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Likelihood to Recommend
7.0
(0 ratings)
8.7
(0 ratings)
8.7
(0 ratings)
Likelihood to Renew
-
(0 ratings)
9.8
(0 ratings)
8.8
(0 ratings)
Usability
10.0
(0 ratings)
7.7
(0 ratings)
8.7
(0 ratings)
Availability
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(0 ratings)
8.5
(0 ratings)
Performance
-
(0 ratings)
8.9
(0 ratings)
7.9
(0 ratings)
Support Rating
10.0
(0 ratings)
7.2
(0 ratings)
9.6
(0 ratings)
Online Training
-
(0 ratings)
9.3
(0 ratings)
9.0
(0 ratings)
Implementation Rating
-
(0 ratings)
8.8
(0 ratings)
8.6
(0 ratings)
Configurability
-
(0 ratings)
7.7
(0 ratings)
9.0
(0 ratings)
Ease of integration
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(0 ratings)
8.2
(0 ratings)
Product Scalability
-
(0 ratings)
8.6
(0 ratings)
8.5
(0 ratings)
Vendor post-sale
-
(0 ratings)
9.0
(0 ratings)
7.8
(0 ratings)
Vendor pre-sale
-
(0 ratings)
9.0
(0 ratings)
7.7
(0 ratings)
User Testimonials
Ataccama ONED&B HooversZoomInfo Operations
Likelihood to Recommend
After evaluating many of the leading data governance/management tools in the industry, Ataccama ONE quickly became a front-runner for our firm's needs and requirements. I particularly like how Ataccama focuses on investing a portion of its revenue on user-suggested enhancements - they truly want to grow with their clients, which is what we were looking for.
Read full review
D&B Hoovers is able to help immensely when doing a prospecting research regarding an industry or a company. I use it a few times a month. Once you get the hang of it, it's pretty easy to use. The lists and reports exported from D&B Hoovers are easy to integrate to your presentations and research.
Read full review
We used to suffer with the leakage of leads and with duplicate entries, just like how I mentioned earlier. After implementing it, our data hygiene has improved by a huge quantity. Our team has become more efficient in terms of reaching out to the prospect within minutes of showing interest in our SAAS security products and services, instead of spending time on data entry in the Excel sheets and then working on the lead. It has reduced our manual research time by almost 36 %, allowing the team to focus on revenue generation rather than Sales operations.
Read full review
Pros
  • It is one of the leading data quality tools in the industry, in our opinion.
  • Offers free data profiling.
  • Integrates with other tools for complete end-to-end lineage.
Read full review
  • I use the visitor intelligence and it will tell me what office from a company has visited our site. I'll, in turn, go through D&B Hoovers to find the relevant contacts that we would benefit from speaking with at that company. I will call or email them, and it's just in a few months we've been using visitor intelligence has led to several ongoing conversations of companies who will become clients and it's an annual calculation to due. It's an ongoing relationship.
Read full review
  • EverString allows us to build account lists based off in-depth firmographic or technographic data. It's far more accurate than trying to build these lists any other way.
  • EverString is fast. Where it might've previously taken us weeks to build lists of this quality, we now can build them in a matter of minutes (and have them ready to be published in a couple of hours).
Read full review
Cons
  • Performance in loading
  • Reduction of pop-up messages
Read full review
  • I'd prefer if the company size estimates were omitted when there is no data behind it to work off of
  • I've never heard from an account rep
  • Training resources? These could already exist but just connecting the dots to them for user would be helpful
Read full review
  • Lower pricing tier, some other zoom products have freemium versions which would be nice
  • Faster import/export time for data, depending on the size of the data, it may take close to more than a few minutes.
  • Merging data does not always report 100% of data merged.
Read full review
Likelihood to Renew
No answers on this topic
The D&B tool has really open up new opportunities for us and really helped the business. Additionally, on a personal level, the platform is very easy to use and I never had any problems with it. From there, I was also able to build some interesting analyses that helped me grow within the company and land me where I am today. I do not use it as much as I used to, but I know what I can do with this tool if needed.
Read full review
I give this rating because I feel that ZoomInfo Operations has made our work easier and smoother than before. Like now we manage our sales leads, new engagements, easily, and the data we get from ZoomInfo Operations helps us a lot to move in the right direction. our customer success rate is higher than before after implementing it.
Read full review
Usability
One of the key factors in our choice to onboard Ataccama was its usability - general end users have everything at their fingertips, it is not difficult for IT developers to setup the tool, and it has been an overall pleasure.
Read full review
D&B Hoovers is very user friendly. Its tabs provide are easy to understand for what topics you are looking to review while doing a company search. For example, site contacts is clearly all the contacts point at a particular location. So if you need to get contact information for xyz individual at a company its right at your fingertips.
Read full review
List uploads for enhancements and the fact that RingLead is powerful and useful make my life as an analyst super easy. I can upload files in bulk and know that everything is mapping correctly without manually going line by line.
Read full review
Reliability and Availability
No answers on this topic
The platform is generally reliable and accessible when needed, with minimal application errors or unplanned outages. There may be occasional maintenance or minor disruptions, but these are usually communicated in advance and handled efficiently. Overall, it offers a high level of availability, ensuring that you can count on it for your daily operations.
Read full review
I have been using ZoomInfo on and off since 2018, and I have NEVER had the site go down on me once. I'm not sure how they do it, I'm not a software engineer, but they have 100% up time compared to other software as a service. Our CRM has already gone down a couple times this year, but not ZoomInfo.
Read full review
Performance
No answers on this topic
While the platform generally functions well, with pages loading in a reasonable time and reports completing within a satisfactory timeframe, there is room for improvement. Performance can sometimes lag with more complex queries or during peak usage times. Additionally, when integrated with other software or systems, there can be occasional slowdowns. Overall, while it performs adequately, optimizing speed and integration efficiency could enhance the user experience.
Read full review
I would rate its performance 9. I do not doubt its performance, the pages load quickly withour laging or error. It gives a report within the time frame without errors, no matter how complex the report is. We integrated it with our CRM; at first, it tended to slow a little, but later it was fixed and ran smoothly.
Read full review
Support Rating
Support has been excellent to date - very user friendly and knowledgeable to help support our needs and issues as they arise.
Read full review
I think it could be better, easier and faster. Whenever I chat with someone it takes so long to get to an actual agent, and then when I finally get to one, they oftentimes don't have the answers for me or do not understand what I am asking, which is very frustrating.
Read full review
I give this rating because I never feel they deserve less than it. Their commitment towards the customer is outstanding, whenever I need to reach out to the supprot, I feel like I am just talking to a person who is sitting beside me. They respond quickly and solve the problems easily, even guiding us on how not to get into the same problem again and again, so we can avoid going back to support.
Read full review
Online Training
No answers on this topic
The training sessions were well-structured and covered the key functionalities of the platform, making it easy to get up to speed. The trainers were knowledgeable and responsive to questions, which added value to the learning experience. However, a bit more in-depth coverage of advanced features and use cases would have made the training even more beneficial.
Read full review
I gave 10 cause , We took an training from their dedicated ZoomInfo university with quick support and valid certifications.
Read full review
Implementation Rating
No answers on this topic
for our use case, the implementation was minimal and we did not need a lot of help. The D&B Hoovers platform is pretty intuitive and our account manager was ready for any questions that came up when we use the D&B Hoovers platform
Read full review
Have a plan on how you're going to evaluate. We had a two-month trial period, but a six-month average lead cycle time, making it impossible to evaluate on a purely new-business ROI basis within the trial. We applied the model to our prior data, which demonstrated how much time and effort was devoted to accounts that weren't going to close
Read full review
Alternatives Considered
Ataccama ONE is a designated tool for Data quality monitoring. Supports end to end. Quite easy to deploy. Alteryx is more about coding or almost as complicated while Ataccama ONE is a bit easier to use. Different interfaces. Many views automatically available for data sets in Ataccama ONE. Output is vizualized in the tool. While more data transformation is required in Alteryx.
Read full review
We evaluated a few other tools including ZoomInfo, LinkedIn Sales Navigator, but D&B Hoovers emerged as the best overall fit for our hotel sales use case due to its depth of company data, broad industry coverage, and powerful geographic filtering capabilities. Our primary objective was to identify and contact businesses near our hotels that regularly need corporate lodging accommodations, operate project-based or travel-heavy industries, have the decision-making personnel we can reach directly.
Read full review
These other systems aren't in the same category as ZoomInfo Operations - I've not been motivated to look at any competitors of Ringlead / ZoomInfo Operations because I have always been very happy with what we get out of this platform. It was one of the first platforms I asked to have added to our tech stack when I joined this company.
Read full review
Scalability
No answers on this topic
D&B Hoovers is quite effective at adapting to the needs of different departments and locations, allowing for flexible deployment and integration across various parts of an organization. While it scales well and supports a broad range of users and functions, there might be some limitations depending on the size and complexity of the organization’s requirements. Overall, it provides a robust solution that can grow with your needs.4o mini
Read full review
It can be scalable, and I've seen it at organizations that made it scalable, and organizations that did not. It really depends how well it integrates with your CRM (does great with Salesforce, for example). If a company doesn't take it serious, it will never scale unless you have decision makers and C-Suite pushing for it.
Read full review
Return on Investment
  • Less data inconsistencies in the system enable processes to run smoother without interruptions
Read full review
  • D&B Hoovers allows me to make the most of my time when searching for companies within specific industries. Once I find a company and examine their profile, I can then generate a list of employees in the purchasing and engineering departments. The profiles for each listed employee contain cell phone, Email address and LinkedIn profile. This information helps me to bypass the companies front desk and get directly to the people I need to speak with.
  • By knowing the specific job title for the people that I am contacting and then being able to click on their LinkedIn link to learn a little about them before I make the call, I come across as a sales professional instead of an impersonal cold-caller.
  • In cases where I do need to go through a front desk receptionist whose primary mission is to screen out sales people, I find that three out of four times the receptionist will connect me to the specific employee because I know their name, department, and job title. The Intel provided by D&B Hoovers makes it possible for me to get to the people I need to speak with.
Read full review
  • EverString helps us zero in on the accounts most likely to convert, so we're not wasting time
  • With better prioritization, our team can get to the right people faster, speeding up sales cycles
  • We are seeing a stronger pipeline and more booked meetings from our BDR team
Read full review
ScreenShots

D&B Hoovers Screenshots

Screenshot of the D&B Hoovers dashboardScreenshot of a D&B Hoovers company profileScreenshot of D&B Hoovers contact resultsScreenshot of D&B Hoovers Visitor Intelligence