Overview
ProductRatingMost Used ByProduct SummaryStarting Price
AWeber
Score 8.2 out of 10
N/A
AWeber is an email marketing and automation solution. It provides support for mobile-friendly HTML email newsletters, autoresponder campaigns, subscriber segmentation and management, RSS-to-email features, signup forms for websites or blogs, and more.
$15
per month
Ontraport
Score 9.6 out of 10
N/A
ONTRAPORT offers customer relations management services that help with content management (creating and hosting webpages), lead tracking, traditional marketing approaches (e-mail, SMS, social media, direct mail), managing online payments, and workflow automation.
$29
per month
SAP Sales Cloud
Score 8.5 out of 10
N/A
SAP Sales Cloud (formerly SAP Cloud for Sales) is a cloud sales application with sales automation, enterprise resource planning (ERP) integration, and collaboration capabilities.N/A
Pricing
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Editions & Modules
AWeber Lite
$15
per month Starting at
AWeber Plus
$30
per month Starting at
Done For You Email
$30
per month Starting at
Unlimited
$899
per month
No answers on this topic
No answers on this topic
Offerings
Pricing Offerings
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Free Trial
YesYesNo
Free/Freemium Version
YesNoNo
Premium Consulting/Integration Services
NoYesNo
Entry-level Setup Fee$79 one-time feeOptionalNo setup fee
Additional DetailsAWeber offers usage-based pricing starting at $15/month. Plans scale based on the number of subscribers and features needed. Options include: Lite Plan – Core tools like email automation, landing pages, sign-up forms, and AI Writing Assistant. Plus Plan – Advanced features including split automation paths, behavioral triggers, analytics, A/B testing, ecommerce, and custom branding. Done For You – A fully built email marketing system (emails, landing pages, and automations) delivered in 7 days, with 30 days of unlimited edits. All plans include 24/7 support. 14-day free trial available.Ontraport offers a variety of plans to choose from based on the features needed. Pricing adjusts with the number of contacts in the database and users in the account. Monthly or annual plans are available, and all plans start with a 14-day free trial. Ontraport offers a Done-With-You Setup and Training Package for getting set up in the account quickly. Users can also access a free video library with step-by-step instructions on getting started and using every feature of the platform.
More Pricing Information
Community Pulse
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Considered Multiple Products
AWeber

No answer on this topic

Ontraport
Chose Ontraport
We initially selected Ontraport based on the seemingly quality reviews. While they are priced much higher than their competitors, we initially took that as a positive. Perhaps the price tag hinted at better service, more robust features and superiority deliverability.

None of …
Chose Ontraport
ONTRAPORT allows automation and having the best of ShoppingCart and Aweber in one package. Beside the fact that ONTRAPORT doesn't handle inventory as ShoppingCart does, we still love the ability to have one source to manage our products and customers in one location.
Chose Ontraport
I really liked the robust features presented in a way that made sense to me. I needed a higher level system that I could understand how to use with little or no ramp-up time.
Chose Ontraport
Ontraport is capable of more than MailChimp and AWeber, both of which I would consider beginner systems. It is also easier to use and understand initially than Infusionsoft, and takes less time to get off the ground when you make the change. It is capable of very complex tasks …
SAP Sales Cloud

No answer on this topic

Features
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Email & Online Marketing
Comparison of Email & Online Marketing features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
7.7
31 Ratings
3% below category average
Ontraport
9.0
17 Ratings
17% above category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
WYSIWYG email editor8.930 Ratings8.216 Ratings00 Ratings
Dynamic content7.03 Ratings10.014 Ratings00 Ratings
Landing pages6.04 Ratings10.016 Ratings00 Ratings
A/B testing8.07 Ratings9.912 Ratings00 Ratings
Mobile optimization7.026 Ratings8.410 Ratings00 Ratings
Email deliverability reporting8.031 Ratings6.016 Ratings00 Ratings
List management8.031 Ratings10.016 Ratings00 Ratings
Triggered drip sequences8.927 Ratings9.813 Ratings00 Ratings
Ability to test dynamic content00 Ratings8.37 Ratings00 Ratings
Reporting & Analytics
Comparison of Reporting & Analytics features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
8.6
31 Ratings
12% above category average
Ontraport
9.3
16 Ratings
24% above category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
Dashboards8.927 Ratings10.015 Ratings00 Ratings
Standard reports8.931 Ratings8.012 Ratings00 Ratings
Custom reports7.926 Ratings10.010 Ratings00 Ratings
Pre-Send Testing
Comparison of Pre-Send Testing features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
7.6
3 Ratings
4% below category average
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
URL Validation7.73 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Link Tracking8.43 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Image Validation7.13 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Inbox Display7.13 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Spam Testing7.13 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Email Previews8.43 Ratings00 Ratings00 Ratings
Lead Management
Comparison of Lead Management features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
5.5
17 Ratings
35% below category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
Lead nurturing automation00 Ratings7.115 Ratings00 Ratings
Lead scoring and grading00 Ratings2.413 Ratings00 Ratings
Data quality management00 Ratings2.614 Ratings00 Ratings
Automated sales alerts and tasks00 Ratings10.016 Ratings00 Ratings
Campaign Management
Comparison of Campaign Management features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
7.7
8 Ratings
4% above category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
Calendaring00 Ratings6.25 Ratings00 Ratings
Event/webinar marketing00 Ratings9.38 Ratings00 Ratings
Social Media Marketing
Comparison of Social Media Marketing features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
7.1
4 Ratings
5% below category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
Social sharing and campaigns00 Ratings7.13 Ratings00 Ratings
Social profile integration00 Ratings7.24 Ratings00 Ratings
Platform & Infrastructure
Comparison of Platform & Infrastructure features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
7.3
15 Ratings
2% below category average
SAP Sales Cloud
-
Ratings
API00 Ratings3.011 Ratings00 Ratings
Role-based workflow & approvals00 Ratings9.09 Ratings00 Ratings
Customizability00 Ratings10.013 Ratings00 Ratings
Integration with Salesforce.com00 Ratings7.31 Ratings00 Ratings
Integration with Microsoft Dynamics CRM00 Ratings7.31 Ratings00 Ratings
Integration with SugarCRM00 Ratings7.31 Ratings00 Ratings
Sales Force Automation
Comparison of Sales Force Automation features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.3
140 Ratings
7% above category average
Customer data management / contact management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.4135 Ratings
Workflow management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.5136 Ratings
Territory management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.0121 Ratings
Opportunity management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.6133 Ratings
Integration with email client (e.g., Outlook or Gmail)00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1128 Ratings
Contract management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1126 Ratings
Quote & order management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.5126 Ratings
Interaction tracking00 Ratings00 Ratings8.5127 Ratings
Channel / partner relationship management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.3123 Ratings
Customer Service & Support
Comparison of Customer Service & Support features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.5
120 Ratings
11% above category average
Case management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.3115 Ratings
Call center management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.8105 Ratings
Help desk management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.5107 Ratings
Marketing Automation
Comparison of Marketing Automation features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.1
124 Ratings
5% above category average
Lead management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1123 Ratings
Email marketing00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1107 Ratings
CRM Project Management
Comparison of CRM Project Management features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.2
134 Ratings
7% above category average
Task management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1127 Ratings
Billing and invoicing management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.2106 Ratings
Reporting00 Ratings00 Ratings8.2124 Ratings
CRM Reporting & Analytics
Comparison of CRM Reporting & Analytics features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.3
132 Ratings
9% above category average
Forecasting00 Ratings00 Ratings8.2123 Ratings
Pipeline visualization00 Ratings00 Ratings8.6124 Ratings
Customizable reports00 Ratings00 Ratings8.1128 Ratings
Customization
Comparison of Customization features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.1
130 Ratings
6% above category average
Custom fields00 Ratings00 Ratings8.0130 Ratings
Custom objects00 Ratings00 Ratings7.9124 Ratings
Scripting environment00 Ratings00 Ratings8.4107 Ratings
API for custom integration00 Ratings00 Ratings8.0116 Ratings
Security
Comparison of Security features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
9.0
133 Ratings
7% above category average
Single sign-on capability00 Ratings00 Ratings9.1126 Ratings
Role-based user permissions00 Ratings00 Ratings8.9127 Ratings
Social CRM
Comparison of Social CRM features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.8
93 Ratings
17% above category average
Social data00 Ratings00 Ratings8.693 Ratings
Social engagement00 Ratings00 Ratings8.989 Ratings
Integrations with 3rd-party Software
Comparison of Integrations with 3rd-party Software features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.3
110 Ratings
11% above category average
Marketing automation00 Ratings00 Ratings8.2106 Ratings
Compensation management00 Ratings00 Ratings8.589 Ratings
Platform
Comparison of Platform features of Product A and Product B
AWeber
-
Ratings
Ontraport
-
Ratings
SAP Sales Cloud
8.2
115 Ratings
9% above category average
Mobile access00 Ratings00 Ratings8.2115 Ratings
Best Alternatives
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Small Businesses
Mad Mimi
Mad Mimi
Score 10.0 out of 10
Vbout
Vbout
Score 10.0 out of 10
Salesmate
Salesmate
Score 10.0 out of 10
Medium-sized Companies
VerticalResponse
VerticalResponse
Score 10.0 out of 10
PFL Direct Mail Platform
PFL Direct Mail Platform
Score 9.0 out of 10
Creatio
Creatio
Score 9.1 out of 10
Enterprises
Emma by Marigold
Emma by Marigold
Score 9.3 out of 10
PFL Direct Mail Platform
PFL Direct Mail Platform
Score 9.0 out of 10
Creatio
Creatio
Score 9.1 out of 10
All AlternativesView all alternativesView all alternativesView all alternatives
User Ratings
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Likelihood to Recommend
8.0
(37 ratings)
10.0
(20 ratings)
8.3
(151 ratings)
Likelihood to Renew
6.8
(6 ratings)
9.1
(8 ratings)
8.0
(14 ratings)
Usability
8.0
(3 ratings)
7.8
(3 ratings)
7.0
(9 ratings)
Availability
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(2 ratings)
Performance
-
(0 ratings)
7.7
(4 ratings)
9.1
(2 ratings)
Support Rating
10.0
(3 ratings)
9.0
(3 ratings)
6.0
(13 ratings)
In-Person Training
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
Online Training
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(3 ratings)
Implementation Rating
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(2 ratings)
7.9
(3 ratings)
Configurability
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
Contract Terms and Pricing Model
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
Ease of integration
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
Product Scalability
-
(0 ratings)
8.2
(1 ratings)
8.5
(111 ratings)
Professional Services
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
Vendor post-sale
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
8.2
(1 ratings)
Vendor pre-sale
-
(0 ratings)
-
(0 ratings)
9.1
(1 ratings)
User Testimonials
AWeberOntraportSAP Sales Cloud
Likelihood to Recommend
AWeber
AWeber is an excellent email marketing solution for small to mid-sized businesses, especially those that are just starting with email marketing campaigns. AWeber is also good for bloggers. But it's not perfect for an affiliate marketer who wants to make a landing page on AWeber. Businesses that require advanced segmentation options may need to consider other email marketing platforms.
Read full review
Ontraport
Here are some cases where Ontraport is well suited : - When writing emails, you can easily access to preview, manage the changes and go back to what you did before - When using automations, if there's an error, you can go back to a previous version of it. There are also some super tools that allows to see where a clients is on an automation without having to go through the all automation. It is less appropriate when you are several colleague that are addressing an issue on an email/automation as it doesn't allows you to be multiple person on the item.
Read full review
SAP
1. Better understanding of customer choice and sales insights. 2. High chance that we can convert the lead into sales as SAP analyzes the customer's need and behavior. 3. As it analyzes the data behind the scenes, a better price deal closing is possible, as it gives that level of insight.
Read full review
Pros
AWeber
  • List building: AWeber makes it easy to grow opt-in subscribers through customizable signup forms as well an integration with tools like Sumo and Hustle Pro.
  • List segmentation: with a little more information about each subscriber, it's easy to create custom segmented lists based on different criteria.
  • Deliverability: AWeber enforces opt-in rules to keep spammers out of its system and improve deliverability rates for reputable users. We rarely have issues with our messages from AWeber being routed to spam folders.
  • Double opt-in: AWeber makes it easy to set up double opt-in to make extra certain you have a high-quality mailing list.
Read full review
Ontraport
  • Dashboards for our daily stats.
  • The email follows up and broadcasts are simple and easy.
  • Sales and marketing can now see the impact they have working together. Nobody can point finger anymore.
  • They have the best customer support. I can't tell you how many times they have walked me through the problems that I created.
  • Amazing email inboxing.
Read full review
SAP
  • I love its ability to automate the entire sales process for us.
  • Another thing I love is how it combines data from different touchpoints to provide a 360-degree view of the customer.
  • What I like best about SAP Sales Cloud is the real-time analytics it provides for my organization.
Read full review
Cons
AWeber
  • Aweber would be even better if it had the ability to host landing pages. I have to use a tool like landingpages.net to do this if I don't want to create the landing pages as part of my client's website. If I manage their site, it isn't a problem, but it keeps me from using Aweber for clients who manage their own sites or dont' have one.
  • Aweber would greatly benefit from a more robust reseller program. Firms like mine have multiple clients and, with each client needing an individual Aweber account, it would be nice to have access to margin so that we could resell the services.
  • Along the lines of a reseller program, it would be great of Aweber allowed resellers to white label the interface and administrate multiple accounts from one agency account.
Read full review
Ontraport
  • Wish they had more options for their forms. Would really like to use multi-step forms.
  • A lot of times their forms load slowly on the website. Would like to see them speed up their services.
  • Their broadcasting options are legacy. There are better options out there for sending broadcast messages.
Read full review
SAP
  • One area of concern is the many data silos that are present within SAP sales cloud
  • While creating filters for accessing sales lead reports, the accuracy is missing sometimes.
  • The product is quite vast and a lot more learning material and knowledge base documents are required.
Read full review
Likelihood to Renew
AWeber
AWeber is easy and intuitive for me use. I really like the simplicity and the structure of the work flow as it saves me time. AWeber also integrates with all the other programs, systems and gateways that I use on a daily basis (WordPress, Paypal, LeadPages, Facebook and more) and if I have any questions or have trouble the AWeber customer service technicians are very helpful.
Read full review
Ontraport
My client was already using Ontraport and had a decent investment in the tool. As soon as we turn around the revenue situation with my client's products, we will be ditching OAP immediately, despite the significant re-implementation cost we are going to face moving to a new system. I am part of a high-end, professional marketing group, and the overwhelming sentiment with these other professionals is that one should run away from this as fast as humanly possible. I thought their words were just ungrounded opinion, and I deeply regret that I did not heed them more closely before sinking still more time and effort into OAP.
Read full review
SAP
SAP sales enables organizations to manage their sales activities, such as inquiries, quotations, orders, deliveries, billing, and payments. Also integrates with other SAP modules, such as finance, logistics, and marketing, to provide a comprehensive solution for managing the entire sales cycle. thats makes SAP a good choice
Read full review
Usability
AWeber
See previous answers ... the design / customization interface could be more intuitive and elegant .. for example, for me it has been difficult to easily figure out how to place pictures / images to the right, left or center of text.
Read full review
Ontraport
The software is just easy to use. The UI is fairly intuitive. The help system is pretty good. I find it is pretty quick to get my work completed and if I don't document my things well, I can always figure out how I did something when I need to make changes. When I have a problem the tech support is easy to deal with and when things need to get escalated they are resolved quickly.
Read full review
SAP
In short, SAP CRM is a complete service that will help improve marketing strategy and productivity. It covers various topics, from big data analytics to resource management and housing sales data. SAP CRM has a long list of features and can do them all.
Read full review
Reliability and Availability
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
No answers on this topic
SAP
Product was mostly available. A couple accessibility issues did exist when sending API calls, and there was either no response, or a delayed response.
Read full review
Performance
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
Most of the time OP runs fine. But I've had to submit more support tickets this year do to messages, seq.'s or rules not running correctly. Also experienced slow response times moving in and around OP.
Read full review
SAP
No answers on this topic
Support Rating
AWeber
I have always received prompt phone or live chat support that has resolved my issues on the first call in a competent, knowledgeable and friendly manner. By contrast MailChimp offers no live chat or phone support; they only offer email support and the response time for MailChimp is slow by comparison to AWeber.
Read full review
Ontraport
The techs are reasonably savvy, highly courteous and want to do right by their customers. Unfortunately, the product they are supporting is so deeply flawed that there's only so much they can do when your legitimate business requirements are simply not supported.
Read full review
SAP
SAP's customer service is quick and efficient, with a response time of fewer than some minutes. In either case, you'll get instant help from the vendor or online forums. In addition, the vendor provides excellent global support for this tool. Like Salesforce, SugarCRM, etc., it's probably fine as a standalone CRM option.
Read full review
In-Person Training
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
I went to their Ontrapalooza event, and it opened my mind as to how the software can be used.
Read full review
SAP
No answers on this topic
Online Training
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
No answers on this topic
SAP
Training was mostly completed over a couple conference calls, and reading the API documentation. Our developers were able to implement quickly after reading the documentation.
Read full review
Implementation Rating
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
If you know your business, ONTRAPORT is easy
Read full review
SAP
I would rate the implementation a 7. While the process overall was successful, there were challenges related to data migration, integration with other systems, and initial user adoption. However, the support from SAP during the implementation phase was helpful, and we were able to resolve the major issues as the process progressed.
Read full review
Alternatives Considered
AWeber
We often use Canva to design our content and then export it as an image to upload into Aweber, as Aweber designs and limitations are too much of a hindrance to our needs. Canva is a brilliant tool for marketing and saves you a lot of time being able to adapt or change an existing template you create.
Read full review
Ontraport
Task management was the main thing that separated ONTRAPORT for me. Keeping things accountable. As well, I felt the campaign builder was slicker, and that the contact management was more robust. Custom fields are very customizable.
Read full review
SAP
Sap sales cloud has boosted the supply chain network . Sap Sales cloud has seamlessly unified the backend business processes into more transparent effective ones.The customer satisfaction have also increased with better customer collaboration and relationship.The vendor management process has also been significantly impacted and all for good. Customers are really happy with it
Read full review
Scalability
AWeber
No answers on this topic
Ontraport
With the new lower priced options, it's now easier for newer businesses to start with a more basic version and upgrade as they need more features.
Read full review
SAP
We can effectively manage sales and achieve scalable segmentation and targeting with SAP Sales Cloud, all with little training required. The program is incredibly user-friendly and enables additional ERP system integration. The automated authorization system, which has made permissions management easier and can be implemented in the cloud by several cloud service tenants—each of whom is a cloud service provider—was something I really appreciated. For users who don't want to click on three links to launch each relevant CRM program, this is quite helpful.
Read full review
Return on Investment
AWeber
  • Aweber delivers my email fast and reliably, never had a problem tech support could not handle (by the way, their support is great!)
  • Since I have been with Aweber for so many years, I have an unlimited plan for a very affordable rate
  • Aweber may not be a sexy as some of the new kids on the block, but it is a solid offering you should consider when choosing an autoresponder
Read full review
Ontraport
  • We are providing better customer service as a direct result of Ontraport. We can track where all of our customers are, what pages/sites/modules they are visiting with ease and tailor our communication accordingly.
  • Our marketing funnel has become vastly improved, meaning that our ROI for marketing has gone up. Sales this April are double what they were last year.
  • Our team works better together because we all have a better idea of what the other needs and when. The tasks that we can assign in Ontraport mean nothing gets missed, creating a better customer and employee experience.
Read full review
SAP
  • Positive Impact: SAP Sales Cloud can lead to increased sales efficiency by automating manual tasks, streamlining workflows, and providing real-time access to customer data. This can result in sales teams spending more time on revenue-generating activities.
  • Negative Impact: The initial costs associated with implementing SAP Sales Cloud, including licensing, customization, and training, can be significant. If not managed properly, this may impact the short-term financials and the expected payback period.
  • Negative Impact: The comprehensive features of SAP Sales Cloud might result in a steeper learning curve for users. If not addressed through adequate training and change management, this complexity can temporarily impact productivity.
Read full review
ScreenShots

AWeber Screenshots

Screenshot of an example of email sequences triggered by actions like purchases or sign-ups to nurture leads, re-engage customers, or onboarding new subscribers. Use tags and behavior-based logic to send the right message at the right time, in the subscriber’s time zone.Screenshot of AWeber's interface for building on-brand email graphics and social content. Built-in Canva access lets users create custom visuals for headers, announcements, and promotions in just a few clicks.Screenshot of where to create and send professional emails used to promote products and drive more sales. Built-in tools like content blocks, saved templates, and branded elements make it easy to stay consistent and launch campaigns faster.Screenshot of where to launch product pages, event signups, or lead capture forms in minutes. Every landing page includes built-in forms, payment collection, and automated follow-ups.Screenshot of the editor used to sell digital products directly from an email or landing page. The checkout experience can be customized with pricing and real-time purchase tracking, while automating confirmation emails and follow-ups to boost customer satisfaction.Screenshot of the editor to write emails faster using built-in AI. This offers help brainstorming content, refining text tone, or generating subject lines to improve open rates, ideal for creators and small teams looking to save time without sacrificing quality.

Ontraport Screenshots

Screenshot of Manage, track, sort and add to a contact listScreenshot of Design professional emails, forms and landing pages with block formatsScreenshot of Utilize the Support Center's in-depth advice on maximizing Ontraport's features

SAP Sales Cloud Screenshots

Screenshot of the SAP Sales Cloud dashboard, where users can can automate critical selling processes and give sellers AI-based recommendations. The dashboard features:
Cloud deployment
A unified view of customers
An optimised mobile selling experience
AI-driven insights, recommendations, and analytics
Embedded generative AI highlights and summarization